Top and Tailing
Is a method used in the process of sound editing, and means when you delete the unwanted bits at the start and end of the sound clip so that you’re left with only the sound that you wanted.
EQ (Equalisation)
Lets you boost and or cut the amplitude ranges of various frequencies in a sound, and is more commonly used for music. You can get a very wide range of different pitches, by increasing and decreasing the amplitudes.
High-Pass EQ Filter
Allows the higher frequencies to pass through, but attenuates (cuts) the lower ones from the cut-off frequency. For example, if you had an audio clip of a heavy metal band playing a song, but only wanted to hear the high hats on the drums, you could use a high-pass filter to only allow the high frequencies of the high hat through, and cut all the lower ones, like drums and growling vocals.
Low-pass EQ Filter
Lets you do the same, only vice versa; it lets the lower frequencies pass through unharmed, but cuts the higher frequencies and all of their hopes and dreams. An example of this would be if you had the same audio clip from above, but instead, you only wanted to hear the bass, you could add a low-pass filter, and cut all of the higher frequencies, like the high hats and the ear-bleedingly high-pitched screaming vocals, and only be left with the bass.
Peak EQ Filter
Provides gain or loss at a certain centre frequency, so in other words, it increases or lowers a very specific frequency.
Shelf EQ Filter
Allows you to boost, or reduce the signal strength below, or above a set frequency. These signal strengths are commonly known in music as bass and treble, the “bass” is the lower frequencies, and are the boomy heavier sounds, which are in the 20Hz – 400Hz range. The “treble” is the higher frequencies, and are the squeaky and sharp sounds, in the range above 5kHz.
References
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equalization_(audio)#High-pass_and_low-pass_filters
https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-bass-and-treble
Ciaran :3 